Learning outcomes:
• Understand hazards and importance of electrical safety associated with earthing and lightning protection systems for HV electrical installations (above 1000 V AC).
• Identify factors that can lead to the loss of equipment, power supply or life due to the incorrect earthing or lightning protection.
• Become familiar with basic concepts, underlying principles and techniques of designing an effective earthing and lightning protection systems for HV installations.
• Explore different earthing designs, principal design considerations and methods of lightning protection in high voltage electrical installations.
• Learn how to test, evaluate and maintain the existing earthing and LP systems and apply practices to mitigate problems for various sites and soil conditions.
• Discuss case studies and typical problems in an interactive workshop environment.

Who should attend?
Engineering Professionals from Distribution Companies and Power Utilities and in Electricity Supply Industry, Petrochemical Companies, Buildings and Service Managers who have to deal with the aspect of electrical and industrial power system protection. Professionals from Insurance Companies would gain knowledge that would enable them to better evaluate the risks involved.

Participants need no specific technical knowledge other than good understanding of electricity and magnetism and some relevant experience.

Course Synopsis:
Inadequate earthing causes unexplained system outages, but if it remains unchecked and non-rectified it may cause serious or irreparable damage to the equipment and plant, and maybe even loss of life. Even the best-designed earthing systems may become unsafe through deterioration of material and changes to the power grid.

An installation must have a well-designed and reliable earthing and lightning protection systems to provide a reasonable protection to the equipment and a safe environment for working personnel.

This course provides basic understanding of the issues pertinent to safe earthing practices and designing a safe earthing and adequate lightning protection systems. It also advises, through various case studies, how to avoid typical design mistakes and how to evaluate the existing protection systems.

Course Content

Day 1
How dangerous is the lightning?
• Properties and types of lightning
• Frequency of lightning
• Does the lightning strike twice?
The Effects of Lightning
• Damaging forces
• Path to the victim
• Effects on structures and services
Is every earthed system safe?
• Categories of electrical installations (50-1000 V; over 1000 V)
• Risks associated with each category
• Controlling the risk
Basic problem in earthing
• What is earthing system?
• Conditions of danger
• Effects of electric current on human body
• Tolerable body current limit
Criteria of tolerable voltage
• Ground Potential Rise (GPR)
• Step and Touch Potential
• Typical shock situations
Engineering considerations
• Design objectives
• Critical system and site parameters
Soil and earthing
• Soil resistivity
• Soil structure and modeling
• Surface material layer

Day 2
Principal design considerations
• Basic aspects of grid design
• Evaluation of ground resistance
• Conductor sizing
Designing an earthing system
• Design procedure
• Preliminary design
• Refinement of preliminary design
• Design in difficult conditions
• Special areas of concern
Lightning Protection Design
• Need for lightning protection
• Lightning protection system
• Lightning protection level & class
• Methods and zones of protection
• Earthing of lightning systems
HV Surge Protection – Surge Arresters
• Operating principles
• Application and selection
Evaluation of the existing systems
• Field survey
• Visual inspections
• Periodic checks of earthing resistance
• Periodic revaluation of earthing and lightning design

Workshop
• Example of good earthing design
• Re-evaluated earthing design
• Side hits
• OHL lightning protection
• Telecom tower lightning protection
• Substation lightning protection

Course Trainer:
Aleksandar Milin
MSc (Hon) Electrical Engineer
Member of IET (UK) and IEEE(US)
Power Engineering Consultant
Managing Director – MATREX

TRANSFORMER OPERATION & MAINTENANCE SAIEE-0166-V
HV & MV SWITCHGEAR APPLICATION & MAINTENANCE SAIEE-0179-V
EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION FOR HV INSTALLATIONS SAIEE-0181-V
TRANSFORMER DESIGN, INSTALLATION & PROCUREMENT
TRANSFORMER TESTING